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How to Write Villains Part 2 – Motive




“Plenty of humans were monstrous, and plenty of monsters knew how to play at being human.”
Victoria Schwab, Vicious

Whether we love to hate them, actually love them, or really really hate them, villains have the power to make a big impact. The ones we met as children still have a hold on us. The ones we meet as readers make us intrigued, and the ones we meet as writers make us critical. Critical in the way that sometimes a villain makes us say ‘uh, I could do better’ or ‘that was pretty well done’ or ‘god damn it, how the hell did they do that? I LOVE THEM.’
How a villain in a story makes us feel is a lesson in how our own villains make others feel. There are many elements that make a GOOD villain. Before looking at what your villain needs, consider making a list of your favourite villains and why they were great. What made you enjoy their presence?

What makes up a villain?
There are three basic elements to a villain: motive, backstory and personality. This does not mean the reader needs to know all of it, but the villain will have it anyway, even if it stays entirely in the writer’s head.
The motive of the villain is rarely outright stated (cue supervillain monologue), but the reader should know by the end of the book what the villain’s motive was. If the motive is unclear, the actions of the villain seem meaningless and often appear as just a tool to drive the plot forward.

What is motive?
A motive is simply what drives the character. It’s their goal throughout the story, and it is the thought behind their actions. Put simply, it asks, what do they want?

Why do villains need it?
We are not mindless beings going around and acting without reason. A villain has a motive and an overall goal. They make decisions as well as sacrifices for what they want to achieve. Their actions should derive from what motivates them. Otherwise, they are doing mindless stuff for no good reason, which feels unrealistic and flat.
A villain’s actions sometimes create the very essence of the plot, with the hero ‘reacting’. Sometimes, the villain reacts to the hero, seeking to thwart or destroy them for their own reasons. But the villain will seem like a cardboard cut-out of a ‘bad guy’ if their actions are written as a plot device and don’t stem from their overall goal (doesn’t mean you can’t work out a way to do both if you REALLY need a certain scene to take place).

How do I know which is the right motive for my villain?
Often, we know what kind of story we want to write and the villain comes later, sometimes we have a clear villain in mind and they unfold further with the story. If you understand what you want to write and the journey you want your hero to take, you’ll have an idea of what kind of values your villain will oppose in order to create the conflict. A hero and a villain could both be competing for a grand tournament that would grant them glory and riches. The hero desperately has to win because the riches will help his family stuck in poverty and the glory will prove to the world he’s not just a nobody. The villain believes it’s his birthright to win, and can’t stand to disappoint his cruel father. Both have their own motives, but the villain may be willing to lie, cheat, kill or bribe his way to victory, but our hero will only compete honestly – mostly (he’s human, too, and has flaws and weaknesses). The two forces create the conflict in the story.
Your villain can also take shape based on the different themes you explore throughout the narrative. One of the themes in Stephen King’s The Mist is the effect fear has on human behaviour. Although the mist in the story is ultimately the Big Bad, the characters trapped inside the grocery store create the primary conflict. David, the protagonist, attempts to stay rational, keep the party safe, and find a way out to get to his wife and protect his son. Mrs Carmody believes the mist is an act of God, sent to punish the sinners. She gathers followers and plays on their fear, creating even more panic and even suggesting sacrifice as a way to appease God. David is brave and pragmatic despite the fear of the unknown – while Mrs Carmody creates hysteria amongst the group and denies any of David’s logic and solutions.

What about clichés?
When thinking motive you may, like me, try to pull away from the basics, the cliché’s, the overdone, and that’s a fine mindset to have. It forces us to think outside the box and ponder at the possibilities and potentially create something really unique and special. However, classics are classics for good reasons. Don’t neglect a perfectly good motive because it’s been done. You can create something unique in how they pursue their goals.
Many villains seek power and, if not power, believe power is the key to their ultimate goal.
Voldemort wanted eternal life, and power was a way to achieve it. He created the seven horcruxes and sought to kill the baby prophesized to destroy him. Throughout the books, he sought several ways to come back to life and ultimately succeeded. He then set his sights on Harry to destroy the only thing that could destroy him.
Scar wanted to be king, perhaps for the power alone, or perhaps to prove himself, after years of feeling inept, that he was better than his older brother. He killed Mufasa and shamed Simba into running away. He then took control of the pride – even though he was not a good leader and had no real ambition to be a good leader.
Vadar sought power because he believed it would save his beloved.
A motive for a villain does not necessarily have to be a villainy motive. Remember villains, like all characters, are people. They’re human - mostly. Sometimes, the more human they are, the greater and more memorable they become. There is a sense of tragedy about them when they’ve had a path to choose in life, much like our heroes, and made mistakes or intentional sacrifices that inevitably took them down the wrong one.
One of my favourite villain origin stories is Heartless by Marissa Meyer. Meyer’s story of the famous and beloved Queen of Hearts had me on the edge of my seat trying to tell the character ‘no, turn back’. The tragedy of this villain’s backstory is not necessarily her intense heartbreak – but all the signs along the way that warned her. Although there were other aspects influencing her path, it was her at the end of the day, her choice, that led to her inevitable downfall.
Let’s not forget that some of the greatest villains have motives we understand. A great villain gives the reader a look behind the curtain, making us believe there was something almost human about them once, something we understand and connect with.  
Poison Ivy wanted to preserve nature and plants, Sweeney Todd sought revenge on a man that committed truly heinous crimes against his wife and daughter.
There are endless possibilities when it comes to motive.

Villains are the heroes of their own story
Like our protagonists, the villains believe their goals are vital to achieve. The difference between the hero and villain is what the villain is willing to do to get there. In a lot of cases, the villain’s motives can be selfish but they believe they have to, or justify it through other means. They then commit evil acts – most of the time recognising they are evil – because they believe in what they are doing.
Peter Pettigrew gave away Lily and James Potter, and he did it believing Voldemort would otherwise kill him, and valued his own life over that of his friends.

‘You don’t understand!’ whined Pettigrew. ‘He would have killed me, Sirius!’
‘THEN YOU SHOULD HAVE DIED!’ roared Black. ‘DIED RATHER THAN BETRAY YOUR FRIENDS, AS WE WOULD HAVE DONE FOR YOU!’
J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

AIDAN from the Illuminae Files sacrificed half the fleet to save the rest. He knew all of them would not survive so he sacrificed some, even knowing it would result in his own destruction in the end. He knew Kady would not approve, that murder was considered wrong, but he was programmed to protect the fleet, and so he did.

“Am I not merciful?”
Jay Kristoff and Amie Kauffman, Illuminae

It’s easy to put ourselves in our hero’s shoes, we do it naturally as our story unfolds, but sometimes we forget that our villains are acting of their own accord, fuelled by their own motives. We forget to flip the story occasionally and look at it from the perspective of our villains. They are their own hero.

“Fine,” he said with a weary shrug. “Make me your villain.”
Leigh Bardugo, Shadow and Bone

Check out How to Write Villains, Part 1: Introduction here. Subscribe for updates on the parts 3 and 4.


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